| Cases |
Controls |
Cohort(Click to view selection criteria for cases and controls) |
Ancestry |
| 46 |
402 |
Anti-Aging Study Cohort (AASC)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
- Fasting glucose level > 125 mg/dL
|
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 9,804 |
6,728 |
Biobank Japan (BBJ) (cohort 1)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Individuals registered in BioBank Japan as having T2D. Exclusion criteria for cases: [1] positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody; [2] diabetes due to liver dysfunction; [3] steroids and other drugs that might raise glucose levels; [4] malignancy or [5] monogenic disorder known to cause diabetes.
|
- Healthy volunteers confirmed as not having T2D at annual health check-up
- individuals registered in BioBank Japan as not having T2D but with diseases other than T2D (cerebral aneurysm, oesophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, chronic pulmonary emphysema or glaucoma)
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 5,639 |
19,407 |
Biobank Japan (BBJ) (cohort 2)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Individuals registered in BioBank Japan as having T2D. Exclusion criteria for cases: [1] positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody; [2] diabetes due to liver dysfunction; [3] steroids and other drugs that might raise glucose levels; [4] malignancy or [5] monogenic disorder known to cause diabetes.
|
- Healthy volunteers confirmed as not having T2D at annual health check-up
- individuals registered in BioBank Japan as not having T2D but with diseases other than T2D (cerebral aneurysm, oesophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, chronic pulmonary emphysema or glaucoma)
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 18,688 |
121,950 |
Biobank Japan (BBJ) (cohort 3)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Individuals registered in BioBank Japan as having T2D. Exclusion criteria for cases: [1] positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody; [2] diabetes due to liver dysfunction; [3] steroids and other drugs that might raise glucose levels; [4] malignancy or [5] monogenic disorder known to cause diabetes.
|
- Healthy volunteers confirmed as not having T2D at annual health check-up
- individuals registered in BioBank Japan as not having T2D but with diseases other than T2D (cerebral aneurysm, oesophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, chronic pulmonary emphysema or glaucoma)
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 2,483 |
7,065 |
Biobank Japan (BBJ) (cohort 4)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Individuals registered in BioBank Japan as having T2D. Exclusion criteria for cases: [1] positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody; [2] diabetes due to liver dysfunction; [3] steroids and other drugs that might raise glucose levels; [4] malignancy or [5] monogenic disorder known to cause diabetes.
|
- Healthy volunteers confirmed as not having T2D at annual health check-up
- individuals registered in BioBank Japan as not having T2D but with diseases other than T2D (cerebral aneurysm, oesophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, chronic pulmonary emphysema or glaucoma)
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 83 |
629 |
Beijing Eye Study (BES) (cohort 1)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7mmol/l or HbA1c ≥ 6% or a self-reported history of physician diagnosis of T2D mellitus
- OR history of drug treatment for T2D (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents)
|
- Fasting blood glucose < 6mmol/l
- AND no history of physician diagnosis of T2D mellitus
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 130 |
540 |
Beijing Eye Study (BES) (cohort 2)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7mmol/l or HbA1c ≥ 6% or a self-reported history of physician diagnosis of T2D mellitus
- OR history of drug treatment for T2D (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents)
|
- Fasting blood glucose < 6mmol/l
- AND no history of physician diagnosis of T2D mellitus
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 26 |
514 |
Cardiometabolic Genome Epidemiology (CAGE)-Amagasaki
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- 1999 WHO criteria
- Exclusion criteria for cases were individuals with T2D due to: [1] liver dysfunction; [2] monogenic disorder known to cause T2D; and [3] positive anti-GAD antibody
|
- No prior history of urinary glucose or glucose intolerance
- AND HbA1c < 5.6% or a normal glucose (75g) tolerance test
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 931 |
1,404 |
Cardiometabolic Genome Epidemiology (CAGE-GWAS) Network
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- 1999 WHO criteria
- Exclusion criteria for cases were individuals with T2D due to: [1] liver dysfunction; [2] monogenic disorder known to cause T2D; and [3] positive anti-GAD antibody
|
- No prior history of urinary glucose or glucose intolerance
- AND HbA1c < 5.6% or a normal glucose (75g) tolerance test
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 30 |
497 |
Kita-Nagoya Genome Epidemiology Study (CAGE-KING) (cohort 1)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- 1999 WHO criteria
- Exclusion criteria for cases were individuals with T2D due to: [1] liver dysfunction; [2] monogenic disorder known to cause T2D; and [3] positive anti-GAD antibody
|
- No prior history of urinary glucose or glucose intolerance
- AND HbA1c < 5.6% or a normal glucose (75g) tolerance test
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 143 |
674 |
Kita-Nagoya Genome Epidemiology Study (CAGE-KING) (cohort 2)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- 1999 WHO criteria
- Exclusion criteria for cases were individuals with T2D due to: [1] liver dysfunction; [2] monogenic disorder known to cause T2D; and [3] positive anti-GAD antibody
|
- No prior history of urinary glucose or glucose intolerance
- AND HbA1c < 5.6% or a normal glucose (75g) tolerance test
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 64 |
430 |
Kita-Nagoya Genome Epidemiology Study (CAGE-KING) (cohort 3)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- 1999 WHO criteria
- Exclusion criteria for cases were individuals with T2D due to: [1] liver dysfunction; [2] monogenic disorder known to cause T2D; and [3] positive anti-GAD antibody
|
- No prior history of urinary glucose or glucose intolerance
- AND HbA1c < 5.6% or a normal glucose (75g) tolerance test
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 748 |
4,983 |
China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
- Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126mg/dL
- T2D diagnosis from a physician after the age of 20 or taking T2D medication
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 1,374 |
6,513 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-12)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 1,924 |
10,762 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-16)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 557 |
4,568 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-26)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 861 |
6,837 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-36)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 840 |
5,733 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-46)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 1,103 |
9,477 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-52)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 692 |
9,294 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-58)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 929 |
10,359 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-68)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 1,512 |
10,272 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-78)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 949 |
11,474 |
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB-88)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of diabetes
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- OR Non-fasting plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 159 |
1,624 |
Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Overnight fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 7.0mmol/l
- OR Currently on anti-diabetic medication
|
- Not fulfilling case criteria
|
|
East Asian (Filipino) |
| 1,064 |
1,005 |
Diabetic Cohort (T2D cases) and Singapore Prospective Study Program (controls) (DC/SP2) (cohort 1)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Physician diagnosed T2D at primary care polyclinics
|
- No prior history of T2D AND Fasting glucose < 6 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 897 |
935 |
Diabetic Cohort (T2D cases) and Singapore Prospective Study Program (controls) (DC/SP2) (cohort 2)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Physician diagnosed T2D at primary care polyclinics
|
- No prior history of T2D AND Fasting glucose < 6 mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 5,928 |
517 |
Hong Kong Diabetes Registry (HKDR)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- WHO 1998 criteria
- Exclusion criteria: Patients with classic type 1 T2D with acute ketotic presentation or continuous requirement of insulin within 1 year of diagnosis
|
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 1,042 |
2,943 |
Korean Association Resource (KARE)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- On T2D treatment
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/l
- OR Plasma glucose 2-h after ingestion of 75gm oral glucose load ≥ 11.1 mmol/l
- HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
|
- No history of T2D
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 5.6 mmol/L
- AND Plasma glucose 2h after ingestion of 75gm oral glucose load < 7.8 mmol/l
- AND HbA1c < 6%
|
|
East Asian (Korean) |
| 6,556 |
56,918 |
Korea Biobank Array (KBA) (cohort 1)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- On T2D treatment
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/l OR HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (when available)
|
- No prior history of T2D
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 5.6 mmol/l or HbA1c < 6%
|
|
East Asian (Korean) |
| 3,022 |
27,195 |
Korea Biobank Array (KBA) (cohort 2)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- On T2D treatment
- OR Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/l OR HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (when available)
|
- No prior history of T2D
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 5.6 mmol/l or HbA1c < 6%
|
|
East Asian (Korean) |
| 105 |
670 |
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Known T2D
- OR Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7mmol/l
|
- No self-reported use of T2D medication
- AND Fasting blood glucose < 7.0mmol/l
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 197 |
4,336 |
NAGAHAMA Study
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- History of T2D
- OR HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
- OR Fasting glucose level > 125 mg/dL
|
|
|
East Asian (Japanese) |
| 992 |
1,674 |
Shanghai Breast Cancer Study/Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SBCS/SWHS)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Self-reported T2D (using T2D medication)
- OR Fasting glucose level > 125 mg/dL at least twice
|
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 101 |
429 |
Singapore Chinese Eye Study (SCES) (cohort 1)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Self-reported history of T2D (with medicatiion status)
- OR HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
|
- No prior history of T2D
- AND HbA1c < 6.5%
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 301 |
1,089 |
Singapore Chinese Eye Study (SCES) (cohort 2)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Self-reported history of T2D (with medication status)
- OR HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
|
- No prior history of T2D
- AND HbA1c < 6.5%
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 2,328 |
2,339 |
Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- No history of physician diagnosed T2D at baseline (1993 - 1998)
- AND incident T2D at either follow-up interviews I (1999 - 2004) or II (2006 - 2010)
|
- No prior history of physician diagnosed T2D at baseline, follow-up 1 or II interviews
- AND HbA1c < 6.0% in blood given at follow-up 1 interview.
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 788 |
1,245 |
Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Self-reported history of T2D (with medication status)
- OR HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
|
- No prior history of T2D
- AND HbA1c < 6.5%
|
|
East Asian (Malay) |
| 331 |
118 |
SMC |
East Asian (Korean) |
| 2,100 |
911 |
Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- World Health Organization criteria
- Participants with at least one sibling with T2D were preferentially included
|
- Age ≥ 60 years old
- AND No previous history of T2D
- AND No family history of T2D in first degree relatives
- AND Fasting plasma glucose < 6.1 mmol/l
- AND HbA1c < 6.5%
|
|
East Asian (Korean) |
| 956 |
768 |
TaiChi-G
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Fasting blood glucose level > 6.99 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)
- OR Positive diabetes history
- OR Use of diabetic medications
|
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
| 995 |
894 |
Taiwan T2D Study (TWT2D)
| Case selection criteria |
Control selection criteria |
- Medical records
- AND Fasting plasma glucose levels using American Diabetic Association Criteria
|
- No prior history of T2D
- AND HbA1c ranging from 3.4 to 6
|
|
East Asian (Chinese) |
